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Marian Breland Bailey, born Marian Ruth Kruse (December 2, 1920 – September 25, 2001) and nicknamed "Mouse",〔Clark, C. (2001). (Marian Breland (Mouse) Bailey, Ph.D. 1920 - 2001 ). ''The Centre for Applied Canine Behaviour''. Retrieved on February 20, 2007.〕 was an American psychologist, an applied behavior analyst who played a major role in developing empirically validated and humane animal training methods and in promoting their widespread implementation. She and her first husband, Keller Breland (1915–1965), studied at the University of Minnesota under behaviorist B. F. Skinner〔 and became "the first applied animal psychologists."〔 == Childhood and education == Born to Christian and Harriet (Prime) Kruse, Marian Ruth Kruse grew up in Minneapolis, Minnesota. German-born Christian worked for an automotive supply store, and Harriet was a registered nurse.〔Bihm, E. M., & J. A. Gillaspy (2006). (Marian Breland Bailey (1920-2001) ). ''The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture''. Retrieved on March 10, 2007.〕 Marian's father and then others called her "''Maus''" ("mouse"), a common German nickname for little girls.〔Langley, A., & T. Wiebers (2007). Marian Breland Bailey (1920-2001). Paper presented at the annual Arkansas Undergraduate Research Conference. Henderson State University. Arkadelphia, Arkansas. In press: ''Proceedings Journal of the Arkansas Undergraduate Research Conference''.〕 After graduating from Washburn High School as her senior class's valedictorian,〔Gillaspy, J. A., & E. M. Bihm (2002). Obituary: Marian Breland Bailey (1920–2001). ''American Psychologist, 57'', pp. 292–293.〕 Marian Kruse went to the University of Minnesota to major in Latin and minor in Greek. Although financial times were difficult as her family had lost everything during the banking collapse of the Great Depression, a full scholarship and a Works Progress Administration award for writers supported her undergraduate education.〔 Before long, she also became a research assistant for B. F. (Fred) Skinner. To meet a science requirement, Marian took psychology because, as she later explained, "I thought it the least painful science."〔Yin (2000). (An Interview with Marian Bailey, Ph.D and Bob Bailey ). ''Nerd Book''. Retrieved on September 16, 2007.〕 As a straight A student, she was recommended for a highly selective psychology class taught by Skinner (the first of what Skinner later called "pro-seminars"), under whom she studied along with George Collier, W. K. Estes, Norman Guttman, Kenneth MacCorquodale, Paul Everett Meehl, and others bound for later fame in their field.〔 With its emphasis on Skinner's new operant training techniques, the course inspired Marian to major in psychology with a minor in child psychology and to study operant conditioning.〔Woolf, L. M. (2002). (Marian Breland Bailey: December 2, 1920 - September 25, 2001 ). ''Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society''. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.〕 Marian worked as Skinner's teaching and laboratory assistant when he published his pivotal work ''The Behavior of Organisms'' in 1938.〔(Behavior Analysis in Animal Training ). ''Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies''. Retrieved March 9, 2007. 〕 She trained rats for Skinner,〔Burch, M. R., & J. S. Bailey (1999). ''(How dogs learn )''. ''Brief History of Clicker Training''. Hoboken, New Jersey: Howell Book House. Retrieved on March 17, 2007.〕 typed lecture notes for him, proofread his classic text ''The Behavior of Organisms'',〔 and even babysat his children.〔 Skinner gave her the final galley proof of ''The Behavior of Organisms'', which she considered a prized possession.〔 While still an undergraduate student, Marian met her future husband Keller Breland, who came to call her "Mouse" without knowing that family called her "''Maus''". Marian and others soon decided that her name was Mouse.〔 In 1940, Marian joined Psi Chi, the national honor society in psychology.〔Wiebers, T. (2004). (Dr. Marian Breland Bailey: A Psi Chi Tribute ). ''Eye on Psi Chi'' 9 (1), 24-25. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. 〕 She graduated with her bachelor of arts degree ''summa cum laude'' in 1941,〔Cramer, C. (2000). (A pioneer for humane methods in teaching animals ). (PDF) ''Main Connection, 8'' (1), p. 8.〕 the only member of her graduating class with an A average.〔University of Minnesota graduation program, 1941.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marian Breland Bailey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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